Introduction
Mathematics (from the Greek : μάθημα (máthema), translatable as “science”, “knowledge” or “learning”; μαθηματικός (mathematikós) means “inclined to learn”) is the discipline that studies quantities, numbers, space, structures, calculations, rigorously defined abstract between them.
The term mathematics usually refers to the discipline (and the related body of knowledge) that studies problems concerning quantities, extensions and spatial figures, movements of bodies, and all the structures that allow these aspects to be treated in a general way. Mathematics makes extensive use of the tools of logic and develops its knowledge within the framework of hypothetical-deductive systems that, starting from rigorous definitions and axioms regarding the properties of defined objects (resulting from an abstraction process , such as triangles , functions, vectors, etc.), reaches new certainties, by means of demonstrations , about less intuitive properties of the objects themselves (expressed by theorems).
The power and generality of the results of mathematics have earned it the title of queen of the sciences: every scientific or technical discipline, from physics to engineering , from economics to computer science , makes extensive use of the analysis, calculation and modelling tools offered by mathematics.
